The 4th Annual MetaSUB Conference convened on August 14th – 16th in Praia do Forte, Brazil. It was a combination of established and emerging scientists from several fields including genomics, bioinformatics, microbiology, engineering, and medicine, to share results of their work in the field of microbiome and metagenomics studies.Our gracious hosts for this year were Dr. Emmanuel Dias-Neto and Suzana Dias.